Proteome profile of salt gland‐rich epidermis extracted from a salt‐tolerant tree species

Preparation of proteins from salt‐gland‐rich tissues of mangrove plant is necessary for a systematic study of proteins involved in the plant's unique desalination mechanism. Extraction of high‐quality proteins from the leaves of mangrove tree species, however, is difficult due to the presence of high levels of endogenous phenolic compounds. In our study, preparation of proteins from only a part of the leaf tissues (i.e. salt gland‐rich epidermal layers) was required, rendering extraction even more challenging. By comparing several extraction methods, we developed a reliable procedure for obtaining proteins from salt gland‐rich tissues of the mangrove species Avicennia officinalis. Protein extraction was markedly improved using a phenol‐based extraction method. Greater resolution 1D protein gel profiles could be obtained. More promising proteome profiles could be obtained through 1D‐LC‐MS/MS. The number of proteins detected was twice as much as compared to TUTS extraction method. Focusing on proteins that were solely present in each extraction method, phenol‐based extracts contained nearly ten times more proteins than those in the extracts without using phenol. The approach could thus be applied for downstream high‐throughput proteomic analyses involving LC‐MS/MS or equivalent. The proteomics data presented herein are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001691.     

两种高分辨率数值方法计算波前有非均匀流的变截面管内激波传播规律的比较

本文采用两种对间断解具有高分辨率的数值方法基于推广Riemann问题解的二阶Godunov型有限差分法和分裂算子的随机选取法,计算了微波在波前有非均匀定常流的一维变截面管道中的传播和波后流场特征,得到一致结果,用数值模拟方法揭示了这类运动的一些特殊规律。对比两种方法的计算过程和结果,可以看出,二阶Godunov型方法明显优于随机选取法。     

碳水化合物衍生的手性配体——25含碳水化合物单元的膦配体在钯催化的Heck反应中的应用

评价了一种碳水化合物衍生的具有较大立体位阻及较三苯基膦更富电子的膦配体(甲基3-脱氧-3-二苯膦基-4,6-氧-苯次甲基-α-D-吡喃阿卓糖苷,3-MBPA)在Pd催化的Heck反应中的性能.发现在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶刺中K2CO3是该催化体系较适合的碱;在该配体的支持下催化剂中钯的用量可低至0.5 mo1%;可催化苯乙烯与带给电子基团的溴代芳烃及带吸电子基团的氯代芳烃发生反应,高产率地生成相应的偶联产物;反应区域选择性表明,Pd(OAc)2/3-MBPA体系在催化苯乙烯与卤代芳烃的Heck反心中并存阳离子催化途径,说明3-MBPA中的氧原了可能也参与配位;同时发现,加入助配体四丁基溴化胺(TBAB)后,可能是Br-参与配位有利于增加中性催化途径的机会而提高了反应区域选择性.     

醚基化二茂铁基膦配体的合成及其对钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应的促进作用

通过乙酸1-(2-二苯膦基二茂铁基)-乙基酯和二甘醇反应,制得新的醚基化的二茂铁基膦配体2-二苯膦基二茂铁基-乙基-5-羟基-3-氧杂戊醚(产率77%),其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、31P NMR及MS鉴定。 初步研究发现,该醚基化的二茂铁基膦可作为支持配体应用于钯催化的Suzuki反应中,可催化溴代芳烃及带吸电子基的氯代芳烃与苯基硼酸偶联反应制得相应的联芳烃。 催化反应数据表明,配体中的醚氧与Pd中心的配位作用对提高该Pd催化剂的催化性能有一定贡献。     

壳聚糖在4种咪唑型离子液体中溶解性的研究

研究、比较了壳聚糖在4种咪唑型离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIM]Cl)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([ BMIM] Ac)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([EMIM] Ac)和氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([AMIM] Cl)中的溶解性,提出了可能的溶解机理,并利用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA...     

Instant visual detection of trinitrotoluene particulates on various surfaces by ratiometric fluorescence of dual-emission quantum dots hybrid

To detect trace trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives deposited on various surfaces instantly and on-site still remains a challenge for homeland security needs against terrorism. This work demonstrates a new concept and its utility for visual detection of TNT particulates on various package materials. The concept takes advantages of the superior fluorescent properties of quantum dots (QDs) for visual signal output via ratiometric fluorescence, the feasibility of surface grafting of QDs for chemical recognition of TNT, and the ease of operation of the fingerprint lifting technique. Two differently sized CdTe QDs emitting red and green fluorescences, respectively, have been hybridized by embedding the red-emitting one in silica nanoparticles and covalently linking the green-emitting one to the silica surface, respectively, to form a dual-emissive fluorescent hybrid nanoparticle. The fluorescence of red QDs in the silica nanoparticles stays constant, whereas the green QDs functionalized with polyamine can selectively bind TNT by the formation of Meisenheimer complex, leading to the green fluorescence quenching due to resonance energy transfer. The variations of the two fluorescence intensity ratios display continuous color changes from yellow-green to red upon exposure to different amounts of TNT. By immobilization of the probes on a piece of filter paper, a fingerprint lifting technique has been innovated to visualize trace TNT particulates on various surfaces by the appearance of a different color against a yellow-green background under a UV lamp. This method shows high selectivity and sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 5 ng/mm(2) on a manila envelope and the attribute of being seen with the naked eye.     

不同产地杜仲叶中金属元素的含量及其变化趋势分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西杨凌、陕西安康和河南灵宝产杜仲叶中Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn 6种金属元素的含量,并对其含量的变化趋势进行了分析比较.结果表明,杜仲叶中含有丰富的人体必需金属元素,且不同产地来源的样品中金属元素的含量有明显差异,其中尤以Fe、Zn、Mn和Mg含量差异最大,Cu和Ca的差异不明显....     

A novel water-soluble heptaplatin analogue with improved antitumor activity and reduced toxicity

A novel water-soluble heptaplatin analogue, cis-[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis-(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane](3-hydroxy-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II), has been synthesized and biologically evaluated. The complex shows more activity and less toxicity than its parent drug heptaplatin, exhibiting the great potential for further development.     

基于层次分析法的隧道综合地质预报优化

隧道综合地质预报是解决隧道施工期地质问题、降低施工风险的一项重要技术手段。鉴于目前综合预报多为简单的数量上的综合,为更加有效地利用综合预报技术,首先归纳地质分析辨识常见不良地质体的方法,通过地质分析法初步判定隧道掌子面前方可能存在的地质异常,并结合层次分析法的基本思路,将影响预报手段的指标量化,即赋予预报方法权重,建立二级综合评价指标体系,研究不同预报方法对特定工程地质条件的适用性,以选择几种最优预报方法。主要研究结论如下:利用地质分析法定性、层次分析法定量的方法优选预报手段,减少了综合超前地质预报中物探手段选择的随意性,并据此建立综合预报体系。最后将该体系应用于紫荆山隧道F2断层的预报中,成功预报了ZK221+960处地下暗河,避免了施工事故的发生,取得了一定的经济效益,证明了通过层次分析法来优化综合预报方法的可行性。     

激光尾流场的2.5维粒子模拟

 用2D3V PIC粒子模拟方法分析了超短脉冲超强激光在稀薄等离子体中激发尾流场的产生过程及电子在尾流场中的加速过程。“前向Raman散射”使得激光脉冲沿传播方向拉长，脉冲的尾部变陡，它导致静电场的相速度和饱和时超热电子的最大动能明显减小，也使得激发尾流场的最佳脉冲宽度变小。